Carbon Footprint
Posted by
NaBa Green Energy
Carbon footprint is the amount of Green house gases like carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide emissions emitted by a building, organization etc. It relates to the amount of greenhouse gases we are producing in our day-to-day lives through burning fossil fuels for electricity, heating, transportation etc.
For our discussion we are taking carbon footprint for indoor lighting in our office buildings. We can increase the performance of the building by using LED lights and reduce the building carbon foot print. In this article we will calculate the carbon footprint for
We should know, half of our carbon footprint is due to electricity and 17 % is due to lighting alone. Electricity in turn can be produced by coal, natural gas, petroleum, and other. Electricity is produced from different sources and how much GHG released is shown as below Table
Since close to 2245 million metric tones of CO2 emitted by total electricity generation per 1 year. A single kilowatt-hour of electricity will generate 619 grams of CO2 emissions.
Incandescent Light
Incandescent lamp is a source of light which produce light when the filament is being heated. It can release 80% electrical energy converted into heat energy. We can calculate how much CO2 will be emitted by 40 watt incandescent bulb
Compact Fluorescent Light
As we all know CFL produce less heat and more visible light compare than incandescent lamp. We can calculate how much CO2 will be emitted by 14 watt incandescent bulb
LED Lights
LED lights consumes low power and energy efficient over than other lights. Not even a single point we can’t compare led lights with other lighting.We can calculate how much CO2 will be emitted by our 8 watt LED Tube light
For our discussion we are taking carbon footprint for indoor lighting in our office buildings. We can increase the performance of the building by using LED lights and reduce the building carbon foot print. In this article we will calculate the carbon footprint for
- Incandescent Light
- Compact Fluorescent Light
- LED Lights
We should know, half of our carbon footprint is due to electricity and 17 % is due to lighting alone. Electricity in turn can be produced by coal, natural gas, petroleum, and other. Electricity is produced from different sources and how much GHG released is shown as below Table
| Source | Million metric tones of co2 emission for 1 year | Electricity generation (Billion kWh) for 1 year |
| coal | 1788 | 1882 |
| Petroleum | 106 | 119 |
| Natural gas | 337 | 562 |
| Other | 14 | 22 |
| Non fossil fuels | none | 1106 |
| Total | 2245 | 3621 |
Since close to 2245 million metric tones of CO2 emitted by total electricity generation per 1 year. A single kilowatt-hour of electricity will generate 619 grams of CO2 emissions.
Incandescent Light
Incandescent lamp is a source of light which produce light when the filament is being heated. It can release 80% electrical energy converted into heat energy. We can calculate how much CO2 will be emitted by 40 watt incandescent bulb
- Power Consumption- 40 watts
- Operation per day- 10 hours
- Power Consumption per annum-146000 watt
- Electricity per hour (kwh) - 0.04 (1 kWh=619g CO2 can be released)
- Lighting Carbon Emission per year/lamp (146*619g ) -90.3 kg.
Compact Fluorescent Light
As we all know CFL produce less heat and more visible light compare than incandescent lamp. We can calculate how much CO2 will be emitted by 14 watt incandescent bulb
- Power Consumption- 14 watts
- Operation per day- 10 hours
- Power Consumption per annum-51100 watt
- Electricity per hour (kwh) – 0.014 (1 kWh=619 g CO2 can be released)
- Lighting Carbon Emission per year/lamp- (51.1*619g ) - 31.6 kg.
LED Lights
LED lights consumes low power and energy efficient over than other lights. Not even a single point we can’t compare led lights with other lighting.We can calculate how much CO2 will be emitted by our 8 watt LED Tube light
- Power Consumption- 8 watts
- Operation per day- 10 hours
- Power Consumption per annum-29200 watt
- Electricity per hour (kwh) – 0.008 (1 kWh=619 g CO2 can be released)
- Lighting Carbon Emission per year/lamp(29.2 *619g) - 18 kg.
- Reduction in Carbon Footprint (tons)-0.122(12.28 kg)
The 8-watt LED equivalent will only be responsible 18 kilograms of CO2 over the same time span.
| Incandescent Bulb | CFL | LED light | |
| Power Consumption(watt) | 40 | 14 | 8 |
| Electricity(kwh) | 0.04 | 0.014 | 8.008 |
| Hours of Operation Per Day | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Carbon Emissions (tons) per year/lamp | 0.903 | 0.316 | 0.18 |
| Reduction in Carbon Footprint (tons) / lamp | 0.12 |
- LED light can reduce our carbon footprint by 0.12 tones per year.
- Led light does not contain mercury; it is a big benefit for this lamp.
- CFL contain 3-5mg per bulb which is poisonous. Mercury emission is 1.2mg from power plant using CFL.
- Incandescent, it is 5.8 mg from power plant.
The 8-watt LED equivalent will only be responsible 18 kilograms of CO2 over the same time span.
Based on above comparisons, LED emerges as the BEST option to requce carbon footprint. Friday, May 20, 2011 | 0 Comments
LED Tube Light Vs Fluorescent Tube Light
Posted by
NaBa Green Energy
In this Article we will be comparing LED Tube Light and Fluorescent Tube Light by some characteristics. Such as
- Function
- Light Output
- Power Consumption
- Directivity
- Life Span
- Color Temperature & Color Rendering Index
- Color
Fluorescent Tube is a gas discharge lamp, that contains gases like Mercury. It produce short wave ultraviolet light that gets transformed into visible light, the inside of the tube has a phosphor lining. Then the 80% of electrical energy is converted into heat energy , 20 % only used for visible light. The energy produced converts into more heat than Led lights.
Light Emitting Diode is a semiconductor diode. It consist of p-n junction diode, when it is in forward biased the electron recombine with holes, then it release some energy in the form of photon( visible light). The electrical energy is converted into 80% light energy, remaining 20% being heat energy. LED does not contain mercury. No harmfull chemical (like mercury) are used.
Light Output:
T8 Fluorescent tube lights are available with different kind of rated light output and power consumption.
For example 36 watts fluorescent lamp, light output (Luminous Flux) is 2000 lumens, so system efficacy is 55 lm/ watt. Rated life is 5,000 hrs. Tube light efficiency comes down with time.
Lux at the ground = 9.18, Lux/watt =0.50
If using Aluminum Reflector, it can reduce 13% of output light. Now the light output is 1566 lumens
Lux at the ground =15.71, Lux/watt =0.43
If using prismatic Refractor, it can reduce 8% of output light. Now the light output is 1656 lumens
Lux at the ground =16.62, Lux/watt = 0.46
As we all know the efficiency is very high for LED Tube Light over the other lights. So the Luminous flux is consistent for rated life and power consumption also should be low.
Power consumption - 16 watts, System Efficacy -123 lumens/watt, So total light output( Luminous Flux) is 2000 lumens. It should be maintained for Rated life(50,000 hrs). Life span is very high for led lights over other lights. Lux at the ground =68.53, lux/watt =4.28
Reflector is not required for LED lights because of Directivity (Beam Angle).so the light output should not be wasted compare than Fluorescent lamp.
Power Consumption:
Normally the Fluorescent lights are available in 36 watt, but it runs using electronic ballast (called solid state ballast) which consume above 12 watts power.
Magnetic Ballast, the stating modes are Programmed stat, instant stat, and rapid start Lamp flicker index is 0.04-0.07; Dimming is not available for this ballast
Hybrid Ballast, the stating mode is rapid stat, Lamp flicker index is 0.04-0.07. Dimming is not available for this ballast.
Instant start Ballast supply a high initial voltage (over 400V for 4 ft Tube) to start the lamp. High voltage is required to initiate the Discharge between unheated electrodes.
Rapid Start Ballast supply 200-300V to start the lamp, which can heating the electrodes to approximately 1470˚F(800˚C). It starts the lamp with brief delay but without flashing. And for the Fluorescent lamp, warm up time is also minimum 5 minutes.
As we all known using LED Tube Light the power Consumption should be very low. And no need to use electronic ballast because it runs by constant current and voltage. We can’t see the flickering in the range of voltage 85-285VAC and Dimming also available for the led lights. LED driver are used in LED Lamp. So LED Tube Light has a potential benefits like quick start compared to Fluorescent Tube Lights.
Directivity:
Beam Angle is very important in every lighting technology. For Fluorescent lamp Beam angle is 360 degree. We can calculate the beam spread only for 270 degree, 90 degree beam angle is wasted
Beam Spread = 48.6 (Recommended pole height is 10 ft)
Led lights are available with variety of Beam Angle, Beam Angle is 120 degree for our Led Tube Light, we can calculate beam spread for 120 degree
Beam Spread = 21.6 (Recommended pole height is 10 ft)
The light output is not wasted in Led Tube Lights compare than Fluorescent Tube Light.
Color:
Fluorescent tube contains mercury gas, which can discharges and emits 65% of light in 254 nm and 10-20% of light in 185 nm. It will emit the yellowish white color. It has a low Color temperature and Color Rendering Index (Color Tempreature-4100 Kelvin, CRI-80)
Led light has a high correlated color temperature of 5500k -7500k. The sunlight has a color temperature of 6500k, so led light is equivalent to the sunlight. And CRI is also very high (above 90). It can emit the cool white color in the spectrum of 380-740 nm. For Humans also the visible spectrum is 380-740 nm.
Monday, September 20, 2010 | 0 Comments
LED Indoor Lighting
Posted by
NaBa Green Energy
Labels:
Home improvement lighting,
Hospital lighting,
Indoor Ceiling Lights,
Indoor Down Lights,
Office lighting,
Shop lighting
We have been discussing about outdoor lighting at length, LED has huge potential for Indoor lighting, which can be characterized by
- Efficiency
- Color temperature
- Rendering
- Color
- Dimming
- Directionality
Office lighting/Ambient lighting
Office lighting is the general purpose lighting in office . These may include recessed down light, surface mounted ceiling lights, LED Tube lights and table lamps.The LED office lighting not only used for reducing electricity consumption and also used for
- Improves productivity
- Increasing mental awareness
Mental Awareness:
The incandescent light affects human in two ways,
- Light enables us to see and feel things. Light regulates our body rhythms such as the sleep/wake cycle. Different types and levels of light can affect a person's ability to see clearly, identify people and objects, and drive safely.
- It can also increase sleep efficiency of older adults and reduce symptoms of seasonal affective disorder, felt by many people during winter months.
The LED lights will be very bright which helps us to see clearly. So it will be very helpful to human brain and increase the mental awareness. This light will reduce a sleeping efficiency and their laziness.
Productivity:
LED lights can reduce the irritation of the eyes, breakdown of vision, headaches, indigestion etc. These symptoms can be disabling while it certainly reduce worker productivity and spoiled their health. eyestrain will come from invisible light, flickering lamp and inadequate light. LED lights are energy efficient and it can reduce eyestrain which in turn leads to improved productivity.
Shop Lighting:
Shop lighting with efficient solid state lights using LED will results in better sales while saving money by reducing energy usage and maintenances cost
- Sales can be increased in shops by use different colors of led lights…it will increase the sensation of our mood.
- LEDs are available in red, orange, amber, yellow, green, blue and white.
- Different lighting condition can change the mood of people of shopping in building. Then LED colour lighting will lead to an improvement in mood , thinking capacity will be increased.
Hospital lighting:
Hospital or health care facilities can use ultra high efficiency led lights with replacement of CFL, HID etc..
The Led lights is not only safe and toxic free which means it does not have mercury toxic content…so it protect us from mercury emission…and this lighting easy on the eye also, LED lights will increase vitamin ‘D’ and decreasing dental decay
VITAMIN ‘D’:
- Some LEDs are promoted as producing ultra violet (uv) radiation .Its is shorter than the visible lights, in the range from 10nm to 400nm. UV range from 290 to 315nm , it can produce the synthesis of vitamin ‘D’. which is necessary for proper bone development and maintenance. Sufficient vitamin ‘D’ to have eliminated the incidence of bone -related problem.
Reducing dental decay:
- Lack of phosphorus and vitamin ‘D’ is the chief cause of ‘DENTAL DECAY’ or ‘DENTAL CARIES’. The phosphorus and vitamin ‘D’ are needed in order to prevent tooth decay. Phosphorus is needed in the saliva to enable this secretion to act as buffer solution , keeping enamel ,destroying acid from accumulating. So LED can easily reduce the problem of dental decay.
Wednesday, August 04, 2010 | 0 Comments
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